First aid basics

First aid is the immediate help given to a person who is injured or suddenly ill. Knowing basic first aid allows you to act quickly and calmly before medical professionals arrive. Quick action can prevent a minor injury from becoming serious.

Treating a Minor Cut

Even small cuts need proper care to prevent infection. Follow these five steps every time you treat a cut.

1. Stop the bleeding by applying gentle pressure with a clean cloth.
2. Clean the wound with clean running water to remove dirt and germs.
3. Apply antiseptic to prevent infection.
4. Cover with a clean bandage to protect the wound.
5. Monitor for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or fever.

Common Injuries and Responses

Different injuries require different first aid responses. Knowing the correct response for each type of injury is essential for staying safe.

• Burn — Cool with running water for at least 10 minutes. Do not use ice or butter.
• Nosebleed — Lean forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes.
• Sprain — Use the RICE method: Rest, Ice, Compress, and Elevate.
• Choking — Perform back blows followed by abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).
• Fainting — Lay the person down and raise their legs to improve blood flow to the brain.