Build a simple machine

In this project lesson you will design and build your own simple machine. The goal is to use what you know about levers, pulleys, ramps, and wheels to make a real job easier. A good simple-machine project does work with less effort than your bare hands could do alone.

Step 1 — Pick a Problem

• Lift a heavy book a short distance off the desk.
• Move a small toy across the table without touching it.
• Raise a paper bucket up to a high shelf.
• Split a thin foam block in half with a small force.

Step 2 — Pick a Simple Machine

• Lever — best for lifting a load with a short, hard push.
• Pulley — best for lifting a load up by pulling a rope down.
• Inclined plane (ramp) — best for sliding a load up to a height.
• Wheel and axle — best for rolling a load across the floor with less friction.
• Wedge — best for splitting two things apart.

Step 3 — Gather Materials

• Cardboard or thick paper for ramps and bases.
• Popsicle sticks or rulers for lever bars.
• String or yarn for pulley ropes.
• Tape, glue, or paper clips to hold parts together.
• A small block of wood, an eraser, or a pencil for a fulcrum.
• Bottle caps or buttons for tiny wheels.

Step 4 — Build, Test, Improve

1. Sketch your idea on paper before you build, and label the load, effort, and pivot.
2. Build a quick prototype — it does not have to be perfect the first time.
3. Test it with a real load (a small book, an eraser, or a toy car).
4. Watch what works and what does not, then change one part at a time.
5. Test again, and write down what improved.